The color of the flowers ranges from red through rose to pink, flowering in April to May. The bracteoles and sepals are smooth (glabrous) on the outside. The leaf has a shorter petiole, about 5 millimetres (0.2 in) long, with fine hairs (pubescent) at the base. Ming naturally occurs in forests in Zhejiang (island of Zhoushan Qundao) in mainland China and in Honshu, Japan. rusticana in the wild, Aizu area, Fukushima pref., JapanĬamellia japonica var. It is grown as a garden plant in the form of many cultivars throughout the world.Ĭamellia japonica var. It flowers between January and March, and fruits in between September and October. The bracteoles and sepals are velutinous (velvety). The leaf has a glabrous stem ( petiole) about 1 centimetre (0.4 in) long. japonica is the form named by Linnaeus, and naturally occurs in forests at altitudes of 300–1,100 metres (980–3,610 ft) in Shandong, eastern Zhejiang in mainland China and in Taiwan, south Japan, and South Korea. Two varieties are distinguished in the Flora of China: C. The specific epithet japonica was given to the species by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 because Engelbert Kaempfer was the first to give a description of the plant while in Japan. The genus Camellia was named after a Jesuit priest and botanist named Georg Kamel. The Japanese white eye bird ( Zosterops japonica) pollinates Camellia japonica. japonica leaves are eaten by the caterpillars of some Lepidoptera, such as the engrailed ( Ectropis crepuscularia). Fruiting occurs in September to October in the wild. The fruit consists of a globe-shaped capsule with three compartments ( locules), each with one or two large brown seeds with a diameter of 1–2 centimetres (0.4–0.8 in). The three-lobed style is about 3 centimetres (1.2 in) long. (Cultivated forms often have more petals.) The numerous stamens are 2.5–3.5 centimetres (1.0–1.4 in) long, the outer whorl being joined at the base for up to 2.5 centimetres (1.0 in). Flowers of the wild species have six or seven rose or white petals, each 3–4.5 centimetres (1.2–1.8 in) long by 1.5–2.5 centimetres (0.6–1.0 in) wide the innermost petals are joined at the base for up to a third of their length. There are about nine greenish bracteoles and sepals. They occur either alone or in pairs, and are 6–10 centimetres (2.4–3.9 in) across. The flowers appear along the branches, particularly towards the ends, and have very short stems. In the wild, flowering is between January and March. The base of the leaf is pointed (cuneate), the margins are very finely toothed (serrulate) and the tip somewhat pointed. The alternately arranged leathery leaves are dark green on the top side, paler on the underside, usually 5–11 centimetres (2.0–4.3 in) long by 2.5–6 centimetres (1.0–2.4 in) wide with a stalk ( petiole) about 5–10 millimetres (0.2–0.4 in) long. The youngest branches are purplish brown, becoming grayish brown as they age. Some cultivated varieties achieve a size of 72 m 2 or more. Camellia japonica is a flowering tree or shrub, usually 1.5–6 metres (4.9–19.7 ft) tall, but occasionally up to 11 metres (36 ft) tall.
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